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Omega Speedmaster - A TIME CAPSULE
Escrito por Kesaharu Imai
Publicado por WORLD PHOTO PRESS
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Omega Speedmaster - A TIME CAPSULE
Escrito por Kesaharu Imai
Publicado por WORLD PHOTO PRESS
G
Garabandal
Forer@ Senior
Sin verificar
Aquí están todos los datos.
No tengo ni Rolex ni Omega, ni ganas de traducir...
Hay miles de links y páginas al respecto, es curioso que tantas coincidan y que la Nasa no desmienta a pesar de las presiones de Rolex.
Os dejo la cronología de la leyenda que algunos tachan de estúpida y otros aceptan como real.
Por lo que a mí respecta, me da igual quien tiene o no tiene razón. Y si alguien me regala un Rolex o un Omega no le haré ascos.
Está en inglés pero se entiende muy bien:
First Speedmasters in Space : Mercury Program
The Speedmaster was first flight tested in space by Walter Schirra aboard Sigma 7, October 1962, it was not an official choice from NASA but Schirra's personnal choice (watch ref number CK2998 : the second model of Speedmaster)
The watch works perfectly and was used as backup to the on-board clock. On-board timing devices in the Mercury capsule were internal to the spacecraft and wristwatches had not undergone specific testing, as the astronaut never left the protected environment of the spacecraft.
On the last Mercury Mission, Gordon Cooper (watch ref number CK2998) wore both the Omega chronograph and a Bulova Accutron Astronaut in order to compare the accuracy of the manually-wound Omega to the then new electronic Bulova. The Omega was used to time the firing sequence of the retro rockets for re-entry.
Walter Schirra in Mercury capsule Sigma 7
3 October 1962
__________________________________________________ _______________
with the Gemini and Apollo programs, astronauts would also need wrist timing devices to help them with EVA activities, such as spacewalks, photographic timing exposures, and timing fuel cell purges. Such a watch should be able to operate in the vacuum of space where there exists wide variances in temperature and pressure.
Edward White during first US EVA : Gemini IV
9 June 1965
__________________________________________________ _______________
Gemini Program
In 1962, NASA decided to equip the astronauts of its future Gemini programm with a highly accurate, legible, resistant and reliable wrist chronograph.
Donald K. Slayton, head of the flight Crew Operations , took action to select the chronographs :
For the purpose of comparison tests, NASA purchased chronographs different brands from Corrigan's, a large retailer in Houston, Texas the following watches where purchased : Elgin, Benrus, Hamilton, Mido, Piccard, Omega, Bulova, Rolex, Longine and Gruen. Of theses only 3 where selected for the comparative evaluation testing :
Longines, Omega and Rolex (Omega movement : Omega 321 , Rolex movement : Valjoux 72 , Longines : Longines 13 ZN)
1965 first qualification program :
Model tested : probably 105.012 no documents found for the moment to firmly state this , but for sure a Speedmaster equiped with Omega 321 caliber
High temperature: 48 hours at 71º C followed by 30 minutes at 93º C. This under a pressure of 0,35atm and relative humidity not over 15%.
Low temperature: Four hours at -18º C.
Temperature-pressure: 0,000001atm and temperature raised to 71º C. Temperature then lowered to -18º C in 45 minutes and again raised to 71º C in 45 minutes. This cycle was repeated fifteen times.
Relative humidity: 240 hours in relatuve humidity of at least 95% and at temperatures varying between 20º C and 71º C. The steam had a pH value of between 6,5 and 7,5.
Oxygen atmosphere: Exposure to 100% oxygen atmosphere at a pressure of 0,35atm and a temperature of 71º C for 48 hours.
Shock: Six 11 millisecond shocks of 40g each in six different directions.
Acceleration: Linear acceleration from 1g to 7,25g within 333 seconds.
Decompression: 90 minutes in a vaccum of 0 10-6 atm and a temperature of 71º C and 30 minutes in the same vaccum but at a temperature of 93ºC.
High pressure: Exposure to 1,6atm for one hour.
Vibration: Three cycles of 30 minutes (lateral, horizontal and vertical), the frequency varying from 5 to 2000cps and back to 5cps in 15 minutes. Average acceleration per impulse 8,8g.
Acoustic noise: 130dB over a frequency range from 40 to 10000Hz for 30 minutes
Results of the tests :
Omega Speedmaster : gained 21 minutes during decompression test and lost 15 minutes during the acceleration test , the luminescence of the dial was lost during the test
Rolex Daytona : stopped running on two occasions during the relative humidity test and during the high pressure test when the sweep second hand wraped and press against the other hands
Longine Wittnauer : Crystal warped and disengaged during the high pressure test , same fault occured during the decompression test
Final conclusion : the Omega chronograph performmed satisfactorily
In 1965, NASA chose the Omega Speedmaster Professional as the official chronograph for the space program.
With the first Gemini flight (GT3) with astronauts Grissom and Young, the Speedmaster Professional became part of the standard equipment issued to the astronauts. The watch was worn on the outside of the pressure suit with the use of a large black velcro band.
The Speedmaster was worn during the first walk in space by an American, Edward White, in 1965. Two speedmasters were worn by each Gemini astronaut one set on mission time , the other one on GMT or Huston time.
__________________________________________________ _______________
1967 : Apollo Program
Due to its performance, reliability and success with the Gemini programm the Speedmaster Professional was selected again as the official chronograph by NASA for project Apollo.
Each astronaut wore one chronograph for spaceflight as a standard issue. Most, however, wore two during spaceflight. some astronauts have used other watches as backup only one speedmaster was issued to the astonauts.
A speedmaster qualified for space flight
__________________________________________________ ______________
The First watch worn on the moon ?
As the official chronograph for all Apollo missions, the Speedmaster Professional was worn by Frank Borman and crew on man's first journey to orbit the moon during Christmas of 1968
Anybody might think that the first watch on the moon was worn by Neil Armstrong ... but ...he did not wear his Speedmaster on his walk on the moon. An instrument had malfunctioned during the LEM's Decent and his Speedmaster was left in the LEM to serve as a replacement :
"our mission timer was out, and we decided we had better leave one wristwatch inside in case it (the one taken outside) got damaged. We would have at least one working watch to back up the mission timer or to use in place of the mission timer, in case we could not get it going again" Armstrong, from the 1969 Technical Debrief
Therefore the very first watch to be worn on the moon was Aldrin's Speedmaster
Which Speedmaster models had Armstrong and Aldrin ?
According to the Early Manned Spaceflight Astronaut Equipment Division of Space History
National Air and Space Museum :
Neil Armstrong's chronograph has the following information: Calibre 321, Case # 105.012, Movement # 24002981, NASA serial # 046
Mike Collins' chronograph has the following information: Calibre 321, Case # 145.012, Movement # 26552506, NASA Serial # 073
Was the Speedmaster the only watch worn on the moon ?
Apollo XV, astronaut David Scott from a 1996 letter - "I do not recall ever having looked at my watch after egress. In the cabin after EVA-2, I noticed that the crystal of my Omega had popped off sometime during the EVA. Therefore, on EVA-3, I used my backup Waltham watch (which was) of a similar type. It worked just fine during the even higher temperatures of EVA-3.]".
Which models of Speedmaster where worn on the moon ?
For sure at least the two models of Aldrin and Armstrong : 145.012 and 105.012 both fitted with the Omega 321 movement.
Thomas Stafford wore a 105.003 during Apollo X mission he used the same watch as his previous missions in Gemini VI and Gemini IX
Astronaut Ronald Evans, Apollo XVII wore a 105.012 or 145.012 NASA Serial #61 during his mission to the moon . Apollo XVII was the last mission to the moon in December 1972 and we could not find any evidence that later model of Speedmasters have been ever worn on the moon
According to Omega : "Without having a firm confirmation from the NASA, it is obvious that the Moon Landing has been made exclusively with Speedmaster having the caliber 321 : tested by the NASA, hence if delivered in 1968, no chance to be on the trip...as they had more than enough watches, all equipped with the cal. 321 in stock !" Omega Vintage Information
This information concerning NASA stock is confirmed by the document of 1972 stating on watch stock :"NASA has purchased a total of 97 Chronographs. Theses chronographs were used on the manned space missions beginning with Gemini III. Of the 97 watches, 17 could no longer be used or had been lost. In 1972, there where an inventory of 20 unused units at the flight center . The remaining 60 units had already been used or had undergone repairs to bring them up to specification."
Aldrin on the surface of the moon 20 July 1969
Richard Gordon Apollo XII 14 November 1969
__________________________________________________ _______________
Conclusion :
The first watch worn on the moon was a Speedmaster 145.012 fitted with the Omega 321 caliber (Aldrin's watch)
There was at least one other watch brand worn on the moon : the David Scott's Waltham (Apollo XV)
The 3 different types of Speedmaster known to have been worn on the moon are the 105.003, 105.012 and 145.012 all theses models are fitted with the Omega 321 caliber
Occording to Omega informations no other types of Speedmaster have ever been on the moon , excluding the theory of a Speedmaster powered by the caliber 861 worn on the moon (at least as an official watch)
There is no evidence of any Speedmaster 145.022 fitted with caliber 861 ever worn on the moon
So which model is "the moon watch" ?
Funnilly the REAL "moon watch" is NOT the model which is engraved "the first watch on the moon"the 145.022, but the previous models both 105.003, 105.012 and 145.012 !
This does not mean that the 145.022 never flew on Apollo program : Donald K. Slayton watch (published in "Time Capsure") is clearly a 145.022 which flew during the Apollo-Soyuz mission
__________________________________________________ _______________
Bulova vs Omega
The use of Swiss chronographs in the American space program met with political resistance by a number of American watch makers, specifically the Bulova Watch Company. In the early days of the space program, Bulova did not make a chronograph, but makes a considerable pressure on NASA to use Bulova products. There were various meetings with NASA officials in order to promote the use of their products.
The conclusion of the Apollo program was nearing with Apollo 17 scheduled for December 1972. As this date approached, the Bulova Watch Company lbecame increasingly concerned that its products be used for this last manned lunar mission. General Bradley (President of Bulova) having determined that it would be impossible to overturn the support for Omega, switched strategy of obtaining the highest polical support in the US governement.
The wqtch issue was taken up to the congress which asked why the space program, undertaken by the nation, did not use a domestically produced watch
Thus it was decided by the Administrator on NASA, James Fletcher, that if a suitable Bulova chronograph could be found, it would be used on the last Apollo mission. Bulova had insisted that chronographs chosen by NASA follow the policy of the "buy American" regulations estalished by the Senate.
__________________________________________________ ______________
Second qualification program
In August of 1972, sixteen companies were notified by NASA that the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) planned to establish a Qualified Product List for possible future procurement of astronaut watches.
This list included: Breitling, the Bulova , Elmore, Elgin, Forbes, Girard-Perregaux, Gruen, Hamilton, Heuer, LeJour, Longines-Wittnauer, Omega, Rolex, Seiko and Zodiac.
Both Bulova and Omega were eager to comply with the "Buy American Act" which meant 51 precent of the products must be made or manufactured in the United States.
In order to comply with this act, Omega had the stainless steel cases for the Speedmaster Professional manufactured in Luddington, Michigan by the Starr Watch Case Company. The crystals were shipped from Switzerland to the Starr Watch Company where they were installed. The completed case and crystal were then shipped to the Hamilton Watch Company in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, for inspection and testing. The case and crystals were then shipped to Switzerland where the movements were installed and the entire watch was subjected to final inspection and environmental testing.
The Bulova Watch Company submitted 16 chronographs for testing at this time. It was later learned that these watches were manufactured in Switzerland and that Bulova had purchased these chronographs through their subsidiary in Switzerland, Universal Geneve. The 16 chronographs were disassembled by Bulova in their research laboratory and a new crystal, a new machine case, specifically manufactured pin, a new crown and stem, a new face and dials and certain gaskets, washers and screws were replaced on each watch. The original movements and the back of each watch were retained.
When confronted with the fact that these watches were, in actuality, Swiss chronographs, Bulova stated that they had invested $23,000 of research and development funds in developing and tooling the process. Thus, by utilizing these R&D costs, the watches were found to qualify under the "Buy American Act."
__________________________________________________ _______________
1972 qualification tests :
Omega Model tested : 145.022 according Omega
1. Vacuum testing
The chronograph shall be subjected to a vacuum of 1x10-6 Torr or better for a total of 72 hours. During the first 10 hours of testing the temperature of the items shall be increased to 160 (+/-10) degrees F. The temperature shall then be returned to 78 (+/-10) degrees F for the remainder of the test.
2. Oxygen Atmosphere/Temperature Test
The test items shall be placed in atmosphere of 95 +/-5 percent oxygen at a pressure of 5+/-0.1 psia and a temperature of 155 +/-5 degrees F for 72 hours. Gas samples extracted from the chamber area shall be analyzed for organic and CO content per test number 6 of D-NA-0002.
3. Low Temperature
The test items shall be lowered to 0 +/- 5 degrees F. This temperature shall be maintained for 10 +/-0.5 hours. The test items shall be allowed to return to ambient before functional testing.
4. Acceleration
The test items shall be subjected to 20's +/- 2 g's in each direction of the three (3) perpendicular axes.
5. Random Vibration
The test items shall be installed in a fixture and submitted to 7.8 g's RMS for 5 +/-0.1 minutes, as defined in figure 2 in each of 3 axes. The test fixture with the test items shall then be submitted to 3.2 g's for 12 +/-0.1 minutes as defined in figure 1, in each of the 3 axes [Eds. Note: Figures not provided].
6. EMI Test
The test items shall be subjected to all applicable requirements of Mil-STD-461A, if an electromechanical movement is employed.
7. Humidity Testing
The test items shall be submitted to a humidity test per MIL-STD-810B, Method 507, Procedure I, except minimum temperature shall be 68 deg F and maximum temperature shall be 120 deg F.
Results of the tests :
During humidity test the bulova watch stopped three times, and stopped again during the acceleration test. According to the criteria, it must be conclued that the Bulova chronograph is not appropriate for the Apollo missions.
__________________________________________________ _______________
1978 qualification tests :
The topic of astronaut timepieces was quiet for several years until 1976 when Bulova became interested in supplying time pieces for the Space Shuttle missions.
Once again, NASA initiated a competetive solicitation. A new deadline was extended several times so Bulova could participate.
In September 1978, astronaut chronograph watches wishing to be considered for the space shuttle program underwent yet another round of prescribed space flight environmental testing.
This included:
Vacuum
Low temperature
Pressure
Vibration
Acceleration
Salt-fog
Humidity
Shock testing
The test where acheived by two independant laboratories : one in Switzerland : the Neuchatel Observatory and the LSRH and one in the US : : Approved test laboratories of Chatsworth in California
Omega submit 3 different models of watches for thoses tests : the Speedmaster Professional (cal 861) the Speedmaster "125" (cal 1041) and the Speedsonic (cal tuning fork 1255)
The technical evaluation team determined that, of the chronographs submitted by Bulova for space flight environmental testing, no single watch was exposed to all environmental tests. Also, one watch failed in salt-fog testing and all 3 watches exposed to vacuum testing failed. Accordingly, the Bulova chronographs were determined to be in non-compliance with the specified environmental requirements.
Once again, the Omega Speedmaster professional chronograph was superior to the other chronographs tested. The Speedmaster Professional met all environmental requirements, had the highest technical score, and was offered at the lowest price. Therefore, the Omega was accepted for procurement. The watch was offered to NASA at the cost of $0.01 per watch. NASA bought a serie of 56 watches after thoses tests
The 3 Omega models presented to the 1978 qualification :
The Speedmaster professional
The Speedmaster "125"
The Speedmaster "Speedsonic"
In April 1981, STS-1, the first shuttle mission, was launched with Commander John Young wearing the Speedmaster Professional.
Now that the shuttle flights have become operational, there are no longer requirements by NASA for specific watches to be worn during shuttle missions. With the exception of extravehicular activity, all astronauts are confined within the pressurized environment of the shuttle. Nonetheless, the Speedmaster continues to be used by many of the shuttle astronauts.
In 1989, with the Soviet Union's improved attitude toward the West, the Soviet Union selected Omega as the watch supplied to all cosmonauts.
No tengo ni Rolex ni Omega, ni ganas de traducir...
Hay miles de links y páginas al respecto, es curioso que tantas coincidan y que la Nasa no desmienta a pesar de las presiones de Rolex.
Os dejo la cronología de la leyenda que algunos tachan de estúpida y otros aceptan como real.
Por lo que a mí respecta, me da igual quien tiene o no tiene razón. Y si alguien me regala un Rolex o un Omega no le haré ascos.
Está en inglés pero se entiende muy bien:
First Speedmasters in Space : Mercury Program
The Speedmaster was first flight tested in space by Walter Schirra aboard Sigma 7, October 1962, it was not an official choice from NASA but Schirra's personnal choice (watch ref number CK2998 : the second model of Speedmaster)
The watch works perfectly and was used as backup to the on-board clock. On-board timing devices in the Mercury capsule were internal to the spacecraft and wristwatches had not undergone specific testing, as the astronaut never left the protected environment of the spacecraft.
On the last Mercury Mission, Gordon Cooper (watch ref number CK2998) wore both the Omega chronograph and a Bulova Accutron Astronaut in order to compare the accuracy of the manually-wound Omega to the then new electronic Bulova. The Omega was used to time the firing sequence of the retro rockets for re-entry.
Walter Schirra in Mercury capsule Sigma 7
3 October 1962
__________________________________________________ _______________
with the Gemini and Apollo programs, astronauts would also need wrist timing devices to help them with EVA activities, such as spacewalks, photographic timing exposures, and timing fuel cell purges. Such a watch should be able to operate in the vacuum of space where there exists wide variances in temperature and pressure.
Edward White during first US EVA : Gemini IV
9 June 1965
__________________________________________________ _______________
Gemini Program
In 1962, NASA decided to equip the astronauts of its future Gemini programm with a highly accurate, legible, resistant and reliable wrist chronograph.
Donald K. Slayton, head of the flight Crew Operations , took action to select the chronographs :
For the purpose of comparison tests, NASA purchased chronographs different brands from Corrigan's, a large retailer in Houston, Texas the following watches where purchased : Elgin, Benrus, Hamilton, Mido, Piccard, Omega, Bulova, Rolex, Longine and Gruen. Of theses only 3 where selected for the comparative evaluation testing :
Longines, Omega and Rolex (Omega movement : Omega 321 , Rolex movement : Valjoux 72 , Longines : Longines 13 ZN)
1965 first qualification program :
Model tested : probably 105.012 no documents found for the moment to firmly state this , but for sure a Speedmaster equiped with Omega 321 caliber
High temperature: 48 hours at 71º C followed by 30 minutes at 93º C. This under a pressure of 0,35atm and relative humidity not over 15%.
Low temperature: Four hours at -18º C.
Temperature-pressure: 0,000001atm and temperature raised to 71º C. Temperature then lowered to -18º C in 45 minutes and again raised to 71º C in 45 minutes. This cycle was repeated fifteen times.
Relative humidity: 240 hours in relatuve humidity of at least 95% and at temperatures varying between 20º C and 71º C. The steam had a pH value of between 6,5 and 7,5.
Oxygen atmosphere: Exposure to 100% oxygen atmosphere at a pressure of 0,35atm and a temperature of 71º C for 48 hours.
Shock: Six 11 millisecond shocks of 40g each in six different directions.
Acceleration: Linear acceleration from 1g to 7,25g within 333 seconds.
Decompression: 90 minutes in a vaccum of 0 10-6 atm and a temperature of 71º C and 30 minutes in the same vaccum but at a temperature of 93ºC.
High pressure: Exposure to 1,6atm for one hour.
Vibration: Three cycles of 30 minutes (lateral, horizontal and vertical), the frequency varying from 5 to 2000cps and back to 5cps in 15 minutes. Average acceleration per impulse 8,8g.
Acoustic noise: 130dB over a frequency range from 40 to 10000Hz for 30 minutes
Results of the tests :
Omega Speedmaster : gained 21 minutes during decompression test and lost 15 minutes during the acceleration test , the luminescence of the dial was lost during the test
Rolex Daytona : stopped running on two occasions during the relative humidity test and during the high pressure test when the sweep second hand wraped and press against the other hands
Longine Wittnauer : Crystal warped and disengaged during the high pressure test , same fault occured during the decompression test
Final conclusion : the Omega chronograph performmed satisfactorily
In 1965, NASA chose the Omega Speedmaster Professional as the official chronograph for the space program.
With the first Gemini flight (GT3) with astronauts Grissom and Young, the Speedmaster Professional became part of the standard equipment issued to the astronauts. The watch was worn on the outside of the pressure suit with the use of a large black velcro band.
The Speedmaster was worn during the first walk in space by an American, Edward White, in 1965. Two speedmasters were worn by each Gemini astronaut one set on mission time , the other one on GMT or Huston time.
__________________________________________________ _______________
1967 : Apollo Program
Due to its performance, reliability and success with the Gemini programm the Speedmaster Professional was selected again as the official chronograph by NASA for project Apollo.
Each astronaut wore one chronograph for spaceflight as a standard issue. Most, however, wore two during spaceflight. some astronauts have used other watches as backup only one speedmaster was issued to the astonauts.
A speedmaster qualified for space flight
__________________________________________________ ______________
The First watch worn on the moon ?
As the official chronograph for all Apollo missions, the Speedmaster Professional was worn by Frank Borman and crew on man's first journey to orbit the moon during Christmas of 1968
Anybody might think that the first watch on the moon was worn by Neil Armstrong ... but ...he did not wear his Speedmaster on his walk on the moon. An instrument had malfunctioned during the LEM's Decent and his Speedmaster was left in the LEM to serve as a replacement :
"our mission timer was out, and we decided we had better leave one wristwatch inside in case it (the one taken outside) got damaged. We would have at least one working watch to back up the mission timer or to use in place of the mission timer, in case we could not get it going again" Armstrong, from the 1969 Technical Debrief
Therefore the very first watch to be worn on the moon was Aldrin's Speedmaster
Which Speedmaster models had Armstrong and Aldrin ?
According to the Early Manned Spaceflight Astronaut Equipment Division of Space History
National Air and Space Museum :
Neil Armstrong's chronograph has the following information: Calibre 321, Case # 105.012, Movement # 24002981, NASA serial # 046
Mike Collins' chronograph has the following information: Calibre 321, Case # 145.012, Movement # 26552506, NASA Serial # 073
Was the Speedmaster the only watch worn on the moon ?
Apollo XV, astronaut David Scott from a 1996 letter - "I do not recall ever having looked at my watch after egress. In the cabin after EVA-2, I noticed that the crystal of my Omega had popped off sometime during the EVA. Therefore, on EVA-3, I used my backup Waltham watch (which was) of a similar type. It worked just fine during the even higher temperatures of EVA-3.]".
Which models of Speedmaster where worn on the moon ?
For sure at least the two models of Aldrin and Armstrong : 145.012 and 105.012 both fitted with the Omega 321 movement.
Thomas Stafford wore a 105.003 during Apollo X mission he used the same watch as his previous missions in Gemini VI and Gemini IX
Astronaut Ronald Evans, Apollo XVII wore a 105.012 or 145.012 NASA Serial #61 during his mission to the moon . Apollo XVII was the last mission to the moon in December 1972 and we could not find any evidence that later model of Speedmasters have been ever worn on the moon
According to Omega : "Without having a firm confirmation from the NASA, it is obvious that the Moon Landing has been made exclusively with Speedmaster having the caliber 321 : tested by the NASA, hence if delivered in 1968, no chance to be on the trip...as they had more than enough watches, all equipped with the cal. 321 in stock !" Omega Vintage Information
This information concerning NASA stock is confirmed by the document of 1972 stating on watch stock :"NASA has purchased a total of 97 Chronographs. Theses chronographs were used on the manned space missions beginning with Gemini III. Of the 97 watches, 17 could no longer be used or had been lost. In 1972, there where an inventory of 20 unused units at the flight center . The remaining 60 units had already been used or had undergone repairs to bring them up to specification."
Aldrin on the surface of the moon 20 July 1969
Richard Gordon Apollo XII 14 November 1969
__________________________________________________ _______________
Conclusion :
The first watch worn on the moon was a Speedmaster 145.012 fitted with the Omega 321 caliber (Aldrin's watch)
There was at least one other watch brand worn on the moon : the David Scott's Waltham (Apollo XV)
The 3 different types of Speedmaster known to have been worn on the moon are the 105.003, 105.012 and 145.012 all theses models are fitted with the Omega 321 caliber
Occording to Omega informations no other types of Speedmaster have ever been on the moon , excluding the theory of a Speedmaster powered by the caliber 861 worn on the moon (at least as an official watch)
There is no evidence of any Speedmaster 145.022 fitted with caliber 861 ever worn on the moon
So which model is "the moon watch" ?
Funnilly the REAL "moon watch" is NOT the model which is engraved "the first watch on the moon"the 145.022, but the previous models both 105.003, 105.012 and 145.012 !
This does not mean that the 145.022 never flew on Apollo program : Donald K. Slayton watch (published in "Time Capsure") is clearly a 145.022 which flew during the Apollo-Soyuz mission
__________________________________________________ _______________
Bulova vs Omega
The use of Swiss chronographs in the American space program met with political resistance by a number of American watch makers, specifically the Bulova Watch Company. In the early days of the space program, Bulova did not make a chronograph, but makes a considerable pressure on NASA to use Bulova products. There were various meetings with NASA officials in order to promote the use of their products.
The conclusion of the Apollo program was nearing with Apollo 17 scheduled for December 1972. As this date approached, the Bulova Watch Company lbecame increasingly concerned that its products be used for this last manned lunar mission. General Bradley (President of Bulova) having determined that it would be impossible to overturn the support for Omega, switched strategy of obtaining the highest polical support in the US governement.
The wqtch issue was taken up to the congress which asked why the space program, undertaken by the nation, did not use a domestically produced watch
Thus it was decided by the Administrator on NASA, James Fletcher, that if a suitable Bulova chronograph could be found, it would be used on the last Apollo mission. Bulova had insisted that chronographs chosen by NASA follow the policy of the "buy American" regulations estalished by the Senate.
__________________________________________________ ______________
Second qualification program
In August of 1972, sixteen companies were notified by NASA that the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) planned to establish a Qualified Product List for possible future procurement of astronaut watches.
This list included: Breitling, the Bulova , Elmore, Elgin, Forbes, Girard-Perregaux, Gruen, Hamilton, Heuer, LeJour, Longines-Wittnauer, Omega, Rolex, Seiko and Zodiac.
Both Bulova and Omega were eager to comply with the "Buy American Act" which meant 51 precent of the products must be made or manufactured in the United States.
In order to comply with this act, Omega had the stainless steel cases for the Speedmaster Professional manufactured in Luddington, Michigan by the Starr Watch Case Company. The crystals were shipped from Switzerland to the Starr Watch Company where they were installed. The completed case and crystal were then shipped to the Hamilton Watch Company in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, for inspection and testing. The case and crystals were then shipped to Switzerland where the movements were installed and the entire watch was subjected to final inspection and environmental testing.
The Bulova Watch Company submitted 16 chronographs for testing at this time. It was later learned that these watches were manufactured in Switzerland and that Bulova had purchased these chronographs through their subsidiary in Switzerland, Universal Geneve. The 16 chronographs were disassembled by Bulova in their research laboratory and a new crystal, a new machine case, specifically manufactured pin, a new crown and stem, a new face and dials and certain gaskets, washers and screws were replaced on each watch. The original movements and the back of each watch were retained.
When confronted with the fact that these watches were, in actuality, Swiss chronographs, Bulova stated that they had invested $23,000 of research and development funds in developing and tooling the process. Thus, by utilizing these R&D costs, the watches were found to qualify under the "Buy American Act."
__________________________________________________ _______________
1972 qualification tests :
Omega Model tested : 145.022 according Omega
1. Vacuum testing
The chronograph shall be subjected to a vacuum of 1x10-6 Torr or better for a total of 72 hours. During the first 10 hours of testing the temperature of the items shall be increased to 160 (+/-10) degrees F. The temperature shall then be returned to 78 (+/-10) degrees F for the remainder of the test.
2. Oxygen Atmosphere/Temperature Test
The test items shall be placed in atmosphere of 95 +/-5 percent oxygen at a pressure of 5+/-0.1 psia and a temperature of 155 +/-5 degrees F for 72 hours. Gas samples extracted from the chamber area shall be analyzed for organic and CO content per test number 6 of D-NA-0002.
3. Low Temperature
The test items shall be lowered to 0 +/- 5 degrees F. This temperature shall be maintained for 10 +/-0.5 hours. The test items shall be allowed to return to ambient before functional testing.
4. Acceleration
The test items shall be subjected to 20's +/- 2 g's in each direction of the three (3) perpendicular axes.
5. Random Vibration
The test items shall be installed in a fixture and submitted to 7.8 g's RMS for 5 +/-0.1 minutes, as defined in figure 2 in each of 3 axes. The test fixture with the test items shall then be submitted to 3.2 g's for 12 +/-0.1 minutes as defined in figure 1, in each of the 3 axes [Eds. Note: Figures not provided].
6. EMI Test
The test items shall be subjected to all applicable requirements of Mil-STD-461A, if an electromechanical movement is employed.
7. Humidity Testing
The test items shall be submitted to a humidity test per MIL-STD-810B, Method 507, Procedure I, except minimum temperature shall be 68 deg F and maximum temperature shall be 120 deg F.
Results of the tests :
During humidity test the bulova watch stopped three times, and stopped again during the acceleration test. According to the criteria, it must be conclued that the Bulova chronograph is not appropriate for the Apollo missions.
__________________________________________________ _______________
1978 qualification tests :
The topic of astronaut timepieces was quiet for several years until 1976 when Bulova became interested in supplying time pieces for the Space Shuttle missions.
Once again, NASA initiated a competetive solicitation. A new deadline was extended several times so Bulova could participate.
In September 1978, astronaut chronograph watches wishing to be considered for the space shuttle program underwent yet another round of prescribed space flight environmental testing.
This included:
Vacuum
Low temperature
Pressure
Vibration
Acceleration
Salt-fog
Humidity
Shock testing
The test where acheived by two independant laboratories : one in Switzerland : the Neuchatel Observatory and the LSRH and one in the US : : Approved test laboratories of Chatsworth in California
Omega submit 3 different models of watches for thoses tests : the Speedmaster Professional (cal 861) the Speedmaster "125" (cal 1041) and the Speedsonic (cal tuning fork 1255)
The technical evaluation team determined that, of the chronographs submitted by Bulova for space flight environmental testing, no single watch was exposed to all environmental tests. Also, one watch failed in salt-fog testing and all 3 watches exposed to vacuum testing failed. Accordingly, the Bulova chronographs were determined to be in non-compliance with the specified environmental requirements.
Once again, the Omega Speedmaster professional chronograph was superior to the other chronographs tested. The Speedmaster Professional met all environmental requirements, had the highest technical score, and was offered at the lowest price. Therefore, the Omega was accepted for procurement. The watch was offered to NASA at the cost of $0.01 per watch. NASA bought a serie of 56 watches after thoses tests
The 3 Omega models presented to the 1978 qualification :
The Speedmaster professional
The Speedmaster "125"
The Speedmaster "Speedsonic"
In April 1981, STS-1, the first shuttle mission, was launched with Commander John Young wearing the Speedmaster Professional.
Now that the shuttle flights have become operational, there are no longer requirements by NASA for specific watches to be worn during shuttle missions. With the exception of extravehicular activity, all astronauts are confined within the pressurized environment of the shuttle. Nonetheless, the Speedmaster continues to be used by many of the shuttle astronauts.
In 1989, with the Soviet Union's improved attitude toward the West, the Soviet Union selected Omega as the watch supplied to all cosmonauts.
G
Garabandal
Forer@ Senior
Sin verificar
Y un interesante enlace en la Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega_Speedmaster_Professional
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega_Speedmaster_Professional
G
Garabandal
Forer@ Senior
Sin verificar
Y las pruebas de homologación, lógicamente publicadas por Omega y no por Rolex
https://www.omegawatches.com/es-es/[tt_news]=1122&tx_ttnews[backPid]=224
https://www.omegawatches.com/es-es/[tt_news]=1122&tx_ttnews[backPid]=224
G
Garabandal
Forer@ Senior
Sin verificar
Y otro enlace de la NASA haciendo un poco de cronología con sus Omega.
Lógicamente no dice nada de las marcas competidoras. El silencio... Cuánto duele el silencio...
https://history.nasa.gov/alsj/omega.html
Lógicamente no dice nada de las marcas competidoras. El silencio... Cuánto duele el silencio...
https://history.nasa.gov/alsj/omega.html
eufrasia
De la casa
Sin verificar
yo he aprendido un monton en este post, si alguien se ha molestado lo siento de veras y le pido todo tipo de disculpas, lo siento de verdad, he sacado en limpio un monton de material para leer y se lo agradezco a todos, sinceramente, y para demostrar que he querido ser cordial y aprender cosas prometo que algun dia, cuando tenga pasta, me comprare un speedy (ya he estado a punto mas de una vez) y les deseo unos felices dias de descanso a todos y me voy a comer un cacho pizza, y al cascarrabias que le pasare los links del "international aerospace station, official cosmonaut chronograph" pa que se haste 3000 dolares, nastardes
G
Garabandal
Forer@ Senior
Sin verificar
En fin, espero que todos estos enlaces sirvan de algo a los compañeros que tenían dudas al respecto. Lógicamente no a todos. A algunos hay que entregarles copia notarial del Rolex quemado en las pruebas...
Pero independientemente de todo, apelando sólo al sentido común, hay un dato que resultaría definitivo para un ciego que no quiera ver la realidad. Olvidémonos de libros, testimonios, enlaces de internet y de hasta lo que pueda referir la Enciclopedia Britannica: LA NASA NUNCA DESMINTIÓ A OMEGA CUANDO PUBLICÓ LAS PRUEBAS, a pesar de los esfuerzos de Rolex, longines, Bulova al respecto.
Podemos atrincherarnos en el no me creo los datos históricos, que son de sobra conocidos y reconocidos salvo por unos pocos, y gastar energías en combatir que nuestro planeta gira alrededor del sol o en que el tejido óseo se regenera o no tras una fractura, somos libres hasta para decir que la Tierra es plana. No es delito.
Pero tampoco es lícito ir confundiendo a los demás.
Por lo que a mí respecta, que no tengo marca alguna de las citadas, todo está muy claro. Y no volveré a intervenir en este hilo. Las energías son las justas para perder el tiempo en debates estériles.
Lo bonito de la libertad es que después cada uno puede despotricar contra los datos más que contrastados, y reinventar, si es preciso, la memoria histórica relojera.
Pero qué le vamos a hacer... Así es el género humano.
Un saludo a todos.
Pero independientemente de todo, apelando sólo al sentido común, hay un dato que resultaría definitivo para un ciego que no quiera ver la realidad. Olvidémonos de libros, testimonios, enlaces de internet y de hasta lo que pueda referir la Enciclopedia Britannica: LA NASA NUNCA DESMINTIÓ A OMEGA CUANDO PUBLICÓ LAS PRUEBAS, a pesar de los esfuerzos de Rolex, longines, Bulova al respecto.
Podemos atrincherarnos en el no me creo los datos históricos, que son de sobra conocidos y reconocidos salvo por unos pocos, y gastar energías en combatir que nuestro planeta gira alrededor del sol o en que el tejido óseo se regenera o no tras una fractura, somos libres hasta para decir que la Tierra es plana. No es delito.
Pero tampoco es lícito ir confundiendo a los demás.
Por lo que a mí respecta, que no tengo marca alguna de las citadas, todo está muy claro. Y no volveré a intervenir en este hilo. Las energías son las justas para perder el tiempo en debates estériles.
Lo bonito de la libertad es que después cada uno puede despotricar contra los datos más que contrastados, y reinventar, si es preciso, la memoria histórica relojera.
Pero qué le vamos a hacer... Así es el género humano.
Un saludo a todos.
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Visitante
+1 como castigo te deberiamos pedir un hilo haciendo una cronologia de todo lo leido y aportado en este fantastico hiloLo que tienes que hacer es una síntesis u resumen del hilo
Ya que semos muchos los que nos hemos perdio
De buen rollo, heeeeque enseguida se mal interpretan las palabras,
claro como no nos vemos las caras
Montxo Grau
Milpostista
Sin verificar
Nada, Fernando, los de Matadepera vamos a montar una colecta/soborno o similar para poder enviarte a un curso de astronauta ( te llevas tu Fortis, de momento 
), que te "ingravides" sin tortillas ni pastillas, que le toques los cataplines a los de la NASA y en Houston te declaren hijo predilecto mientras declamas voz en grito que, aunque te envien a los límites de Orion, tu por nada del mundo vas a renegar de la NATO sea en un Speedy o como diadema en tu calva reluciente... 
: Apa, ahora ya te currarás el resumen y nos lo cuentas en el próximo encuentro, que eso tiene miga guapa...
), que te "ingravides" sin tortillas ni pastillas, que le toques los cataplines a los de la NASA y en Houston te declaren hijo predilecto mientras declamas voz en grito que, aunque te envien a los límites de Orion, tu por nada del mundo vas a renegar de la NATO sea en un Speedy o como diadema en tu calva reluciente... : Apa, ahora ya te currarás el resumen y nos lo cuentas en el próximo encuentro, que eso tiene miga guapa...
cestommek
Antiguos Moderadores
Sin verificar
Antiguos Moderadores
eufrasia
De la casa
Sin verificar
ahora ya te currarás el resumen y nos lo cuentas en el próximo encuentro, que eso tiene miga guapa...
yo creo que el resumen ya se hizo, hay una secuencia muy interesante que puso juanjo desde las primeras evidencias del tema, donde hubo una "compra directa" ahora no recuerdo exactamente la expresion, y luego dos tests bastante contundentes en los que intervinieron varias y renombradas marcas, creo entender que la casa bulova fue quien requirio que se hicieran unas pruebas que se realizaron dos veces mas (ademas de la primera vez)
existen unos documentos editados o bien directamente por omega o en ediciones privadas, o sea que fueron editados por el ganador, las fuentes ya han sido detalladas aqui, yo las he leido y leere los libros que caigan en mis manos, porque me interesa la historia de la relojeria, me parece que en toda la exposicion ha quedado clarisimo que la nasa ha preferido el speedy a todos los otros, pero ha habido un caso de una empresa que se ha rebotado, bulova
si bulova se rebota hay motivos sobrados para pensar que sus razones tendria no? me parece perfectamente legitima la que menciona juanjo: en USA se defienden fogozamente las empresas americanas, sobre todo si el cuete en cuestion es americano y pagado "con el dinero de los contribuyentes" como dicen en las pelis
en todo caso no es a mi a quien hay que dar o no la razon, parece como si hacer una pregunta levante una polvareda tremenda, es o bien a las empresas que perdieron las dos ultimas valoraciones de sus relojes para ir a la luna, o a omega, incluso hubo alguien que menciono "la presion que puso rolex" con lo que queda claro que habia suficiente mal rollo como para repetir las pruebas y tal
nosotros los usuarios de los relojes hemos salido beneficiados, como siempre pasa, con la competencia de estas marcas, porque el speedy es un reloj precioso, tiene un diseño unico y aqui en españa fue un reloj muy considerado porque historicamente, omega fue la primer gran marca relojera que entro en este pais, en palabras de hexavi (si es que no lo interprete mal, porque a estas alturas...)
hay incluso un articulo de maddox que dice "somos capaces de acabar con el mito de que el speedy sea el unico reloj que estuvo en la luna" lo que para mi es un claro exponente de la polemica que ha habido entorno a este tema, pero si quieren pensar que yo soy el unico y el primero en preguntarme ciertas cosas, ustedes mismos
Mustang
Forer@ Senior
Sin verificar
Es un hilo como poco ameno e instructivo , como me picó la curiosidad me he pasado el tiempo dedicado a la siesta buscando esas pruebas, y entre las aportaciones de los compañeros y lo que he encontrado he aprendido un porrón.
Afueraparte:
Os contaré que siempre han sido un icono para mí el Rolex GMT y el Speedy......pues bien, resulta que a ambos me los encontré en la muñeca de dos primos-hermanos mios estas navidades, los llevé unos dias en usufructo y al final decidí que tengo que buscarme un icono nuevo, porque no me veo con ellos
, borro estos dos de los primeros puestos de la lista y vuelvo a buscar el Santo Grial.
Sí os digo una cosa. los Fortis no han dejado de gustarme , el primero que cayó tiene mas de diez años, se entienda que no quiero hacer comparaciones, pero es que no me cansan y van como el primer día. Y esos tambien han volado alto ¿ no?
Saludos.
Afueraparte:
Os contaré que siempre han sido un icono para mí el Rolex GMT y el Speedy......pues bien, resulta que a ambos me los encontré en la muñeca de dos primos-hermanos mios estas navidades, los llevé unos dias en usufructo y al final decidí que tengo que buscarme un icono nuevo, porque no me veo con ellos
, borro estos dos de los primeros puestos de la lista y vuelvo a buscar el Santo Grial.Sí os digo una cosa. los Fortis no han dejado de gustarme , el primero que cayó tiene mas de diez años, se entienda que no quiero hacer comparaciones
, pero es que no me cansan y van como el primer día. Y esos tambien han volado alto ¿ no?Saludos.
Guancho
De la casa
Sin verificar
... y escrita por los vencedores.
En cualquier caso... me importa un pimiento el reloj que fue la luna y si le dieron con un martillo pilón antes para ver si no se rompía. Valiente mamarrachada!!!!!!!!!!! Y con respecto esas pruebas que dejaban las agujas de todos a la virulés... menos las del Speed... Que hubiesen utilizado el Milgauss, que ya la tenía torsssía
Yo me quedo con mi Sub y mi Daytona.
Y a Rolex... qué carallo le importarán los chismes esos!!!!!!!!!!!! Bastante tiene con enmendar el entuerto que tienen con la caja-adoquín nueva.
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Visitante
Ya echaba yo de menos al malandrinveras el dia que te vea con un rolex con la caja nueva,ande andará
veras el dia que te vea con un rolex con la caja nueva,ande andará
antonik
Habitual
Sin verificar
Con el permiso del Sr Guancho, ya que carezco de confianza para llamarle malandrin,Ya echaba yo de menos al malandrin
Ya me gustaría a mi llevar en mi muñeca una caja adoquin como la del SDDS,
A
Albert I
Milpostista
Verificad@ con 2FA
Si yo fuera astronauta
Me daria mucho miedo que necessitando un conometro.
Cojan el unico que no da el tiempo correctamente.
Porque si en laboratorio te adelanta 21 minutos y te puede retrasar 15 en otro momento. En el espacio ...
Lo tienes jodido.
Con la prueba esta me creo que la reentrada con el Apolo 14 lo conometrasen con un Rolex. aunque funcionase con un calibre Valjoux
Me daria mucho miedo que necessitando un conometro.
Cojan el unico que no da el tiempo correctamente.
Porque si en laboratorio te adelanta 21 minutos y te puede retrasar 15 en otro momento. En el espacio ...
Lo tienes jodido.
Con la prueba esta me creo que la reentrada con el Apolo 14 lo conometrasen con un Rolex.
aunque funcionase con un calibre Valjoux 
vicentegom
Habitual
Sin verificar
Yo no sé lo que es leyenda o verdad en toda esta historia del reloj espacial. Pero sí tengo claro lo que hubiera hecho yo de ser el encargado de proporcionar al proyecto Apolo un reloj de pulsera de apoyo. Citaría a las principales marcas de relojes y les explicaría el proyecto. La NASA necesita un reloj que cumpla unos requisitos muy rigurosos y esas exigencias las multiplicaría por dos en el dossier informativo de requisitos. Les daría un plazo determinado para tener a punto sus relojes, y, por supuesto, les sugeriría la repercusión comercial que tendría la aceptación de ese reloj por la NASA para sus respectivas marcas. Una vez los prototipos fabricados, se les sometería a un test de tres veces los requisitos, y se elegiría el más capacitado.
Todo eso antes que comprar en relojerías unos relojes de calle que no están en absoluto pensados para las pruebas que tienen que pasar, y del que se escoge el menos malo.
Vamos, digo yo.
Todo eso antes que comprar en relojerías unos relojes de calle que no están en absoluto pensados para las pruebas que tienen que pasar, y del que se escoge el menos malo.
Vamos, digo yo.
eufrasia
De la casa
Sin verificar
vicente, tienes mas razon que un santo, precisamente porque NO se hizo eso de buen principio es que la bulova exigio que se hicieran unas pruebas las dos veces posteriores, en los diez años que pasaron entre la primera vez que se hizo la chapuza esa que comentas, y la primea vez que se convocaron varias marcas, logicamente omega tenia ya un bagaje de conocimientos que las otras marcas no poseian
yo deduzco de la informacion que han pasado los foreros unas cuantas cosas: la nasa nunca publico los resultados de las pruebas, a excepcion de que el speedy era el reloj escogido, los comentarios sobre relojes quemados y tal salieron en textos publicados por omega o por particulares, esa es la leyenda estupida, para mi, porque no hace mas que desprestigiar a las personas o entidades que las publicaron
en ningun momento en este hilo se intenta desprestigiar ninguna marca, y eso para mi ya es muy importante, porque en estas cosas a la gente se le suele calentar bastante el ordenador, y no hace falta ir a un notario para creerse nada, si existiera un documento oficial de una parte NO interesada con el resultado de las pruebas todo se veria clarisimo
pero las fuentes de toda esta historia absurda son la propia parte interesada, que parece querer explicarse sobre un conflicto entre empresas que se origino por la falta de claridad, de transparencia, donde hubo la compra directa, anonima, que levanto sospechas, porque si no bulova requirio las pruebas? bien por bulova
la nasa lo que hizo fue HOMOLOGAR el speedy para las misiones espaciales, tal vez lo que pasa entre los foreros es que no estamos acostumbrados a mirar quien escribe las cosas, pero me parece un buen ejercicio, y tambien pienso que en españa he visto siempre como se convocan concursos para la concesion de una obra publica, por ejemplo, y creo que al menos en este caso, les pasamos la mano por la cara a los yanquis
eufrasia
De la casa
Sin verificar
muchas gracias perito, fijate la frase "el secretismo fue importante, porque la nasa no quiso que se supiera una palabra fuera de USA", esa es la madre del cordero, porque? que obra puede ser considerada mas publica que un viaje al espacio? los empleados de la nasa son especialistas en relojes? "la agencia espacial deberia haber estado vigilada (o tal vez vigilante, alerta, no se como queda mejor) para (la eleccion, esto lo agrego yo) del primer reloj que fuera a la luna" eso es una queja formal, nadie respeto este principio, "el capitulo del gmt nos dice como no todo estuvo perdido para rolex, la compañia lo mando al espacio pero nunca estuvo en la luna"
hombre, a ver: mas claro el agua, esto paso a mediados de los sesenta, la rolex (en este caso, porque perito nos dice en un mensaje anterior que este texto viene publicado por rolex) se queja de que hubo secretismo, debido a la compra anonima, pero en cambio SI QUE HABIA UN RELOJ DE ROLEX QUE PODIA IR AL ESPACIO, el gmt, y seguramente rolex no era la unica marca
hombre, a ver: mas claro el agua, esto paso a mediados de los sesenta, la rolex (en este caso, porque perito nos dice en un mensaje anterior que este texto viene publicado por rolex) se queja de que hubo secretismo, debido a la compra anonima, pero en cambio SI QUE HABIA UN RELOJ DE ROLEX QUE PODIA IR AL ESPACIO, el gmt, y seguramente rolex no era la unica marca
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antonik
Habitual
Sin verificar
Completamente de acuerdo con lo que acabas de expresar. Solo te falta el incluir una gorra de propaganda para cada astronauta
Sobre el tema, tenemos la costumbre, yo entre ellos, de creernos muchas de las afirmaciones que dicen algunas fuentes y no las contrastamos
P996-Mk2 LV
Habitual
Sin verificar
Lo que no entiendo es la forma de proceder de la NASA
Yo creo que deberían haber contactado con diversas fábricas de relojes y pedirles que fabricaran un reloj que pasara las duras especificaciones que precisaban para poder ir al espacio.
No es lo mismo pedirle a Rolex u Omega que haga esto, que comprar un reloj en una joyería y hacer experimentos. Seguramente habrían diseñado un reloj de mayor robustez, y que pasaría sin duda las pruebas. Luego que eligieran el más adecuado. Y si tan americanos son, ¿por qué no encarga este reloj directamente a Hamilton o Bulova?
Yo no pongo en duda nada. Omega hace grandes productos, aunque a mi particularmente no se porqué, no me gustan lo suficiente como para tener uno, aunque de comprarme alguno, sin duda sería uno manufacturado enteramente por Omega con el calibre de la casa. Me gusta de Omega que en determinados relojes, existan hasta 3 tamaños distintos, y la posibilidad de tener diámetros grandes. No cabe duda que ser el reloj que fue a la Luna es un activo de mucho peso para la publicidad de Omega y lo saben explotar.
Guancho illo que te va a dar algo con el adoquín.... No te preocupes macho, que tu ya tienes un Sub y Daytona de caja de toda la vida!
Yo creo que deberían haber contactado con diversas fábricas de relojes y pedirles que fabricaran un reloj que pasara las duras especificaciones que precisaban para poder ir al espacio.
No es lo mismo pedirle a Rolex u Omega que haga esto, que comprar un reloj en una joyería y hacer experimentos. Seguramente habrían diseñado un reloj de mayor robustez, y que pasaría sin duda las pruebas. Luego que eligieran el más adecuado. Y si tan americanos son, ¿por qué no encarga este reloj directamente a Hamilton o Bulova?
Yo no pongo en duda nada. Omega hace grandes productos, aunque a mi particularmente no se porqué, no me gustan lo suficiente como para tener uno, aunque de comprarme alguno, sin duda sería uno manufacturado enteramente por Omega con el calibre de la casa. Me gusta de Omega que en determinados relojes, existan hasta 3 tamaños distintos, y la posibilidad de tener diámetros grandes. No cabe duda que ser el reloj que fue a la Luna es un activo de mucho peso para la publicidad de Omega y lo saben explotar.
Guancho illo que te va a dar algo con el adoquín.... No te preocupes macho, que tu ya tienes un Sub y Daytona de caja de toda la vida!
- Estado